Two children are fighting over an orange.
The mother takes on the role of a judge. She splits the orange in half and gives one half to each child. Both children start crying.
Now, the mother takes on the role of a mediator and asks each child why they wanted the orange. It turns out that one child wants to make orange juice and the other child needs the orange peel in order to make a cake.
Now the mother realizes that a solution could be found only by considering what satisfies each party.